The button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is widely consumed with respect to good taste and high nutritional value. The nanocellulose composite packs were prepared by various percent of nanocellulose (zero percent as control sample, 1, 2, and 5 nanocellulose and CO2-emitter) in this study. The samples of button Mushroom were stored after packing in refrigerator at 3°, C and all tests were conducted in three repeated treatments during storage periods (2, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days). ANOVA tables were utilized to compare data using SPSS software and the related diagrams and tables were drawn by Excel software at significance level (95%). The results showed that different percents of nanocellulose at 5% level and storage time and the interaction of different nanocellulose percents and storage time on the pH of the composite packs of the fungus nanocellulose had a significant effect on the level of 1% (p <0. 01). Different percents of nanocellulose and storage time had a significant effect on 1% moisture content, electrical resistance, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ocular evaluation of decay mushroom (p<0. 01). The treatment with 2% of nanocellulose content was introduced as the preferred treatment including the least rise of humidity, the smallest weight loss and carbon dioxide and maximum score in terms of cap color, stipe and inside cap by the 10th day of storage. Therefore, period of storage of button Mushrooms can be extended to 10 days by nanocellulose composite packing (2%).

A new kind of thermoplastic elastomer nano composite reinforced with nano cellulose fibers is reported. The first aim of this investigation was to study the interaction and dispersion of nano cellulose fiber into Pebax matrix. This copolymer is Polyether-b-Amide thermoplastic elastomer which is synthetized from renewable resources, and its hydrophilic character allows it to interact with nano cellulose. The interaction and reinforcement effect of nano cellulose at 3 levels of nano cellulose (1%, 3% and 5%) were examined by Scanning electron microscopes (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Mechanical tests (young module, elongation at break and impact resistance). The results achieved from these tests were indicating appropriate effects of nano cellulose fibers for the strong interaction and close contact with polyamide phase of Pebax polymer which caused high mechanical properties (at 3% of nanoellulose) in nano composites. The young module and impact resistance of nano composite were significantly increased.

The production of antimicrobial sachet from silica-alginate-nanocellulose composite beads as carrier materials with the addition of nanocellulose (0, 1, 3, 5%) as nanofiller and cinnamon essential oil (CEO) as antimicrobial agent was investigated. The nanocellulose was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunches by mechanical treatment using a combination of ultrafine grinding and ultrasonication. The produced composite beads were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The produced composite beads with 5% nanocellulose (BDCN5) was more compact and spherical than others. Meanwhile, the produced antimicrobial sachets were performed with release characteristic and antimicrobial tests. The antimicrobial sachet with the addition of nanocellulose showed the cinnamon essential oil was significantly released from beads for 60 min and had a high inhibitory effect. Almost all microorganisms tested by BDCN5 showed a high inhibitory effect, 5.43% for inhibiting Escherichia coli, 5.19% for Salmonella sp, 3.36% for Aspergillus sp, and 8.72% for Staphylococcus aureus.

In this study, magnetic nanocellulose/halloysite nanotubes (M-NC/HNT) composite was fabricated and studied as a nanoadsorbent for the removal of Zinc (II) from aqueous solutions.The HNT as a mineral nanotube with unique properties along with NC after magnetization were used as nanocomposite. The nano-adsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The magnetization values of magnetic nanoparticles were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The effects of various parameters like pH, initial Zn (II) concentration, temperature, amount of adsorbent, and contact time on the efficiency of Zn (II) removal were studied and their values were then optimized. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted well with Freundlich isotherm model. The results showed that the (M-NC/HNT) composite could remove the Zn (II) from industrial wastewater with an efficiency of 94.4 % The results of this study indicated that the proposed nanoadsorbent with high stability can be easily recovered and reused.

Purpose: Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) solid waste has potential as a feedstock to be transformed into nanocellulose and activated carbon. In this study, we observed the effect of various compositions of activated carbon, alginate, and nanocellulose on the production of micronutrient slow-release fertilizer composites. Method: The composite of activated carbon/alginate/nanocellulose (C/Alg/NC) with various compositions of 1: 1: 1,3: 1: 1,1: 3: 1 and 1: 1: 3 was synthesized and characterized by using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX analysis. Crosslinked effects by Cu and Fe were observed, and composite C/Alg/NC showed slower release of Cu ions, which indicates a good strategy to produce micronutrient slow-release fertilizer. Results: The best composite as a slow-release fertilizer for Cu metal is a 3: 1: 1 ratio. Over two days, it released 0. 05 mg/g, and on the third day, it released an increase up to 0. 27 mg/g after five days. Meanwhile, the Fe crosslinker composite with the same composition ratio (1: 1: 1) performed best as a slow-release fertilizer because Fe released slowly at only around 0. 05 mg/g for up to three days. Then, for the next three days, until the 6th day, Fe was released slightly more, up to 0. 3 mg/g, and then remained constant until the 9th day. Conclusion: The synthesis of composites from a combination of carbon, alginate, and nanocellulose has become a good strategy for producing slow-release fertilizer. It has also become a solution for utilizing OPEFB solid waste, while this slow-release fertilizer can be used as a source of plant nutrition in oil palm plantations. Research Highlights Activated carbon and nanocellulose synthesis from sild waste Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) Composite synthesis with various composition of alginate-activated carbon-nanocellulose Crosslinker effect of Cu and Fe metal on composite synthesis Observed release of Cu and Fe as micronutrient slow-release fertilizer